Physical fitness training of volleyball players based on scientific theory / Treinamento de aptidão física de jogadores de voleibol baseado na teoria científica / Entrenamiento físico de jugadores de voleibol basado en la teoría científica

ABSTRACT Introduction: Athletes' physical fitness is the basis for improving their volleyball skills, and physical training can play an essential role in the whole process of training volleyball players resulting in improving the level of physical function of volleyball players and changing the structure of body conformation. Objective: Analyze the effects of physical training on the overall quality of volleyball players. Methods: Several volleyball players were randomly selected and submitted to two months of physical training based on scientific theory literature. We used mathematical statistics to analyze the fitness and performance indicators of volleyball players before and after physical training. Results: The physical fitness of volleyball players was significantly improved after two months of physical training (P<0.05). The performance of volleyball players improved after physical training (P<0.05). Conclusion: Physical agility of volleyball players is improved when submitted to systematic physical training. After physical training, the velocity quality of volleyball players can be significantly improved. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A preparação física do atleta é a base para melhorar suas habilidades no vôlei e o treinamento físico pode ter um papel essencial em todo o processo no treino dos jogadores de voleibol resultando na melhora do nível de função física dos jogadores de vôlei e alterar a estrutura da conformação corporal. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do treinamento físico na qualidade geral dos jogadores de voleibol. Métodos: Vários jogadores de voleibol foram selecionados aleatoriamente e submetidos a dois meses de treinamento físico embasado na literatura da teoria científica. Foram utilizadas estatísticas matemáticas para analisar os indicadores de aptidão física e desempenho dos jogadores de voleibol antes e depois do treinamento físico. Resultados: A aptidão física dos jogadores de vôlei foi significativamente aprimorada após dois meses de treinamento físico (P<0,05). O desempenho dos jogadores de voleibol melhorou após o treinamento físico (P<0,05). Conclusão: A agilidade física dos jogadores de voleibol é aprimorada quando submetida ao treinamento físico sistemático. Após o treinamento físico, a qualidade da velocidade dos jogadores de voleibol pode ser significativamente melhorada. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La condición física del deportista es la base para mejorar sus habilidades en el voleibol y el entrenamiento físico puede desempeñar un papel esencial en todo el proceso de formación de los jugadores de voleibol, lo que resulta en la mejora del nivel de la función física de los jugadores de voleibol y el cambio de la estructura de la conformación del cuerpo. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos del entrenamiento físico en la calidad general de los jugadores de voleibol. Métodos: Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente varios jugadores de voleibol y se los sometió a dos meses de entrenamiento físico basado en la literatura teórica científica. Se utilizó la estadística matemática para analizar la aptitud física y los indicadores de rendimiento de los jugadores de voleibol antes y después del entrenamiento físico. Resultados: La aptitud física de los jugadores de voleibol mejoró significativamente tras dos meses de entrenamiento físico (P<0,05). El rendimiento de los jugadores de voleibol mejoró tras el entrenamiento físico (P<0,05). Conclusión: La agilidad física de los jugadores de voleibol mejora cuando se los somete a un entrenamiento físico sistemático. Tras el entrenamiento físico, la calidad de la velocidad de los jugadores de voleibol puede mejorar considerablemente. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Physical strength training methods in badminton teaching and training / Métodos de treinamento de força física no ensino e treinamento de badminton / Métodos de en trenamiento de fuerza física en la enseñanza y en el entrenamientodel bádminton

ABSTRACT Introduction In badminton performance, athletes need to precisely manage the movements of mastered techniques to quickly complete the swing and regroup the strength of the upper and lower limbs to hit the ball quickly. Objective Study the effect of strength exercise on the physical performance of badminton players according to training. Methods 24 badminton players were randomly divided into lower limb, upper limb, and control groups. The lower limb group and upper limb group were trained for eight weeks. The final test was conducted, and the data were properly compared and analyzed. Results After eight weeks of intense strength training, the badminton throwing ability of the upper limb group was significantly improved; In the lower limb group, the effect of improving the CVM contraction ability of bilateral knee extensors was not evidenced, and the centrifugal contraction ability of the bilateral knee extensors was significantly improved. Conclusion The experiment shows that strength training can help athletes' physical performance, positively impacting their performance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução Na atuação de badminton, os atletas precisam gerir precisamente os movimentos das técnicas dominadas para completar rapidamente o balanço e reagrupar a força dos membros superiores e inferiores para bater a bola rapidamente. Objetivo Estudar o efeito do exercício de força no desempenho físico de jogadores de badminton de acordo com o treinamento. Métodos 24 jogadores de badminton foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo de membros inferiores, grupo de membros superiores e grupo controle. O grupo membro inferior e o grupo membro superior foram treinados por 8 semanas. O teste final foi realizado e os dados foram devidamente comparados e analisados. Resultados Após 8 semanas de treinamento intenso de força, a habilidade de arremesso de badminton do grupo membro superior foi significativamente aprimorada. No grupo de membros inferiores, o efeito de melhorar a capacidade de contração CVM dos extensores bilaterais do joelho não ficou evidenciada e a capacidade de contração centrífuga dos extensores bilaterais do joelho foi significativamente melhorada. Conclusão O experimento mostra que o treinamento de força pode ajudar o desempenho físico dos atletas, tendo um impacto positivo no desempenho de suas atuações. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción En el rendimiento del bádminton, los atletas necesitan gestionar con precisión los movimientos de las técnicas dominadas para completar rápidamente el balanceo y reagrupar la fuerza de los miembros superiores e inferiores para golpear la pelota con rapidez. Objetivo Estudiar el efecto del ejercicio de fuerza en el rendimiento físico de los jugadores de bádminton según el entrenamiento. Métodos 24 jugadores de bádminton fueron divididos aleatoriamente en el grupo de las extremidades inferiores, el grupo de las extremidades superiores y el grupo de control. El grupo de la extremidad inferior y el grupo de la extremidad superior se entrenaron durante 8 semanas. Se llevó a cabo la prueba final y los datos se compararon y analizaron adecuadamente. Resultados Después de 8 semanas de entrenamiento de fuerza intenso, la capacidad de lanzamiento de bádminton del grupo de extremidades superiores mejoró significativamente; en el grupo de extremidades inferiores, el efecto de la mejora de la capacidad de contracción CVM de los extensores bilaterales de la rodilla no se evidenció y la capacidad de contracción centrífuga de los extensores bilaterales de la rodilla mejoró significativamente. Conclusión El experimento muestra que el entrenamiento de fuerza puede ayudar al rendimiento físico de los atletas, teniendo un impacto positivo en su desempeño. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Analysis of current γ knife stability testing status in medical institutions / 中国职业医学

@#Abstract: Objective To follow up and evaluate the stability testing status of γ stereotactic radiotherapy system (hereinafter γ knife WS 582-2017 Specifications for Testing of Quality Control in X and γ referred to ) in medical institutions based on the RayStereotactic Radiotherapy System WS 582-2017 Methods (hereinafter referred to ). A total of 43 medical institutions using γ knife and 54 medical physics personnel were recruited as the research subjects by random sampling method. Based on the - - standard tracking evaluation method, we followed up the evaluation of γ knife stability testing based on WS 582 2017. Results - Only 66.7% of the 54 subjects preformed WS 582 2017 in their daily work. Only 30.2% (all were tertiary hospital) of 43 medical institutions were equipped with complete quality control and testing equipment. The implementation rate of γ knife stability test was 67.4%, and it was not carried out in strict accordance with the test events and test cycle requirements - specified in the WS 582 2017. There were incomplete test events, incomplete records or test cycles that did not meet the Conclusion standard requirements in γ knife stability test. Medical institutions did not carry out γ knife stability tests in strict - accordance with the projects and cycle required by the WS 582 2017. The reasons are related to medical institutions are not equipped with complete testing equipment, the personnel are lack of understanding of relevant national standards, the poor publicity and implementation of the standards, the lack of standardized training channels and inadequate health supervision.

Topoisomerase Ⅱα Gene as a Marker for Prognostic Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Bioinformatics Analysis / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To investigate the expression of topoisomeraseⅡα (TOP2α) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its role in predicting prognosis of HCC patients. Methods We used HCC-related datasets in UALCAN, HCCDB, and cBioPortal databases to analyze the expression and mutation of TOP2α and its co-expressed genes in HCC tissues. GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment of TOP2α and its co-expressed genes were identified. The TIMER database was used to analyze infiltration levels of immune cells in HCC. The impacts of TOP2α and its co-expression genes and the infiltrated immune cells on the survival of HCC patients were assayed by Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis. Results TOP2α and its co-expression genes were highly expressed in HCC (P< 0.001) and detrimental to overall survival of HCC patients (P< 0.001). TOP2α and its co-expression genes were mainly involved in cell mitosis and proliferation, and cell cycle pathway (ID: hsa04110, P = 0.001945). TOP2α and its co-expression genes were mutated in HCC and the mutations were significantly detrimental to overall survival (P = 0.0247) and disease-free survival (P = 0.0265) of HCC patients. High TOP2α expression was positively correlated with the infiltration of B cell (r = 0.459, P< 0.01), CD8+ T cell (r = 0.312, P< 0.01), CD4+ T cell (r = 0.370, P< 0.01), macrophage (r = 0.459, P< 0.01), neutrophil (r = 0.405, P< 0.01), and dendritic cell (r = 0.473, P< 0.01) in HCC. The CD8+ T cell infiltration significantly prolonged the 3- and 5-year survival of HCC patients (all P< 0.05), and CD4+ T cell infiltration significantly shortened the 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival of HCC patients (all P< 0.05). ConclusionTOP2α may be an oncogene, which was associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients and could be used as a biomarker for the prognostic prediction of HCC.

New Advances, Challenges and Opportunities in Forensic Applications of Microbiomics / 法医学杂志

The succession of microbiota is closely associated with several essential factors, including race, sex, health condition, lifestyle, postmortem interval, etc., and it has great potential application value in forensic medicine. This paper summarizes recent studies on the forensic applications of the microbiome, including individual identification, geographical feature identification, origin identification of the tissue or body fluid, and postmortem interval estimation, and introduces the current machine learning algorithms for microbiology research based on next-generation sequencing data. In addition, the current problems facing forensic microbiomics such as the extraction and preservation of samples, construction of standardization and database, ethical review and practical applicability are discussed. Future multi-omics studies are expected to explore micro ecosystems from a comprehensive and dynamic perspective, to promote the development of forensic microbiomics application.

Foxa1 mediates eccrine sweat gland development through transcriptional regulation of Na-K-ATPase expression

Eccrine sweat glands (ESGs) perform critical functions in temperature regulation in humans. Foxa1 plays an important role in ESG maturation and sweat secretion. Its molecular mechanism, however, remains unknown. This study investigated the expression of Foxa1 and Na-K-ATPase (NKA) in rat footpads at different development stages using immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR, and immunoblotting. Also, bioinformatics analysis and Foxa1 overexpression and silencing were employed to evaluate Foxa1 regulation of NKA. The results demonstrated that Foxa1 was consistently expressed during the late stages of ESGs and had a significant role in secretory coil maturation during sweat secretion. Furthermore, the mRNA abundance and protein expression of NKA had similar accumulation trends to those of Foxa1, confirming their underlying connections. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that Foxa1 may interact with these two proteins via binding to conserved motifs in their promoter regions. Foxa1 gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments in Foxa1-modified cells demonstrated that the activities of NKA were dependent on the presence of Foxa1. Collectively, these data provided evidence that Foxa1 may influence ESG development through transcriptional regulation of NKA expression.

Analysis of Helicobacter pylori infection and its correlation with serum bilirubin in railway drivers / 中国职业医学

@#Objective Helicobacter pylori（ ）， To investigate the infection status of HP and analyze the correlation between HP Methods infection and serum bilirubin in railway drivers. A total of 2 731 railway drivers in Zhengzhou locomotive depot were - selected as study subjects using judgment sampling method. Carbon 13 urea breath test was used to evaluate the HP infection ， status. The metabolic indexes of HP positive group and HP negative group were compared and the relationship between HP Results （ ） ， infection and serum bilirubin was analyzed. The HP infection rate was 42.3% 1 156/2 731 . The older the age the ， （ ）， （ P ） longer the work years and the higher the body mass index BMI the higher the HP infection rate all <0.01 . The infection （P ） rate of HP in married people was higher than that in unmarried people <0.01 . The HP infection rate of smokers was higher - （P ） - ， than that of non smokers <0.01 . Compared with the HP negative group fasting blood glucose and serum levels of total ， （ - ）， （ ） - cholesterol low density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL C triglyceride and homocysteine Hcy were increased in the HP （ P ） （ - ）， ， positive group all <0.05 . The serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL C total bilirubin direct bilirubin （ ） - （ P ） DBIL and indirect bilirubin were lower than those in HP negative group all <0.05 . Logistic regression analysis showed that （ P ） HP infection was associated with low serum total bilirubin and low DBIL all <0.01 after adjusting for the confounding effects ， ， ， ， ， ， ， - ， - ， of age work years marital status smoking history fasting blood glucose total cholesterol triacylglycerol LDL C HDL C Conclusion ， ， ， and Hcy. The age work length BMI smoking and marital status are the influencing factors of HP infection in railway drivers. HP infection is associated with low levels of total bilirubin and DBIL.

Relationship between urinary metals and lung function in college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the association between urinary metals and lung function among college students, and to provide a theoretical basis for related research on metal exposure and lung function injury.@*Methods@#A total of 45 healthy college students were recruited from North China University of Science and Technology in Caofeidian between 2017-2018. During the four seasons, information was obtained from questionnaires and physical examinations, lung function parameters were assessed, including FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEV1/FVC and FEF 25-75 , and morning urine samples were collected simultaneously. The urinary levels of 15 metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS); a Kruskal Wallis H test was used to compare differences in urinary metals during the four seasons; and a mixed effect model was used to assess correlations between urinary metals and lung function.@*Results@#There were significant differences in the levels of urinary chromium, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, selenium, molybdenum, cadmium, antimony and lead from 15 metals over the four seasons ( H =9.79- 20.61 , P <0.05). The differences observed in five lung function parameters over the four seasons were statistically significant ( F =61.72, 45.30, 47.61, 25.47, 35.13, P <0.05). The linear mixed effect model analysis showed that urinary concentrations of vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and antimony were negatively correlated with FEV1( B =0.202, 0.192, 0.181, 0.154, 0.131 , 0.283); urinary concentrations of aluminum, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, cadmium, and antimony were negatively correlated with FVC ( B =0.252, 0.290, 0.292, 0.271, 0.201, 0.180, 0.171, 0.163, 0.381); urinary concentrations of manganese and antimony were negatively correlated with PEF ( B =0.291, 0.354)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The increase of multiple metal concentrations among college students was related to lung function decline, the long term metal exposure might lead to lung function damage. So environmental metal pollution should be controlled.

Associations between sugar sweetened beverage intake and emotional and behavioral problems in preschoolers / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) and its association with behavioral problems in Chinese preschool children, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of behavioral problems of children.@*Methods@#A total of 7 634 children aged 3-6 years were chosen from kindergartens in 3 cities (Yangzhou, Xuzhou, Zhenjiang) in the lower reaches of Yangtze River using method of cluster sampling during October to November in 2017. Parental or guardian questionnaires were used to obtain information regarding child consumption of SSBs. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess children s emotional and behavioral problems. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to explore the association between different SSBs intake frequency and children s behavioral problems.@*Results@#A total of 5 509(72.2%) consumed SSBs less than once a day, 830(10.9%) reported SSBs consumption once a day, and 1 295(16.9%) had 2 times or more intake of sugar sweetened beverages per day. After adjusting for confounding factors including age, sex, BMI, family financial status, parental education, screen time, sleep duration, and physical activities duration, multiple Logistic regression model revealed that intake of SSBs once a day was associated with an increased risk of hyperactivity disorder ( OR =1.26, 95% CI =1.01-1.57) and SDQ total difficulties ( OR =1.44, 95% CI =1.14-1.82) in boys and with an increased risk of emotional symptoms ( OR=1.34, 95%CI =1.02-1.76), conduct problems ( OR=1.53, 95%CI =1.18-2.00), hyperactivity disorder ( OR=1.79, 95%CI =1.42-2.27) and prosocial behavior ( OR=1.48, 95%CI =1.14-1.91) in girls. Intake of SSBs≥2 times per day was associated with an increased risk of emotional symptoms ( OR=1.28, 95%CI =1.02-1.59) and SDQ difficulties ( OR=1.30, 95%CI =1.07-1.58) in boys and not with behavioral problems in girls.@*Conclusion@#Sex differences are observed with respect to the association between SSBs intake and behavioral problems in preschoolers, but no significant dose response relationship was observed. More longitudinal studies are needed to further explore the association between SSBs intake and behavioral problems in preschool children as well as the underlying physiological mechanisms in future.

Clinical analysis of 19 cases of oral mucosal malignant melanoma / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the clinicopathological features, treatment and prognosis of oralmucosal malignant melanoma to provide a reference for clinical practice.@*Methods@#Data from 19 patients with oralmucosal malignant melanoma were collected, and their clinical manifestations, treatment methods and follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed. @*Results@#Among the 19 patients, 11 cases (58%) had lesions in the gingiva, 7 cases (37%) had lesions in the palate, and 1 case (5%) had lesions in the tongue, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Eight patients had regional lymph node metastasis with a metastasis rate of 42%, of which 4 cases had multiple site metastasis, and the total number of regional lymph node metastasis sites was 15. Among the 19 patients, 3 cases received only surgery, 4 cases received cryotherapy, and 12 cases received combined surgery, cryotherapy and biological immunotherapy. Pathological examination showed malignant melanoma. The positive rates of S-100, HMB-45 and Melan-A were 95%, 89% and 84%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with lesions less than 5 cm2 had a higher survival rate (P < 0.05).@*Conclusions@# Oral malignant melanomas usually present as black lesions in the oral mucosa, which are prone to metastasis in early stage. The area of lesions may affect the prognosis of the disease. Therefore, the large range of black lesions or masses should be the alert for the clinicians. Oral malignant melanoma patients are usually treated with combined treatment with surgery, cryotherapy and biological immunotherapy.

Dietary diversity and determinants among left behind children in rural area / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To evaluate the status of dietary diversity and determinants among school age left behind children.@*Methods@#A total of 501 children aged 9-10 years in Sheyang Mini Cohort Study were enrolled from Sheyang City in Jiangsu Province during 2019. A questionnaires survey was administrated to collect left behind and socioeconomic information. Twenty four hour dietary recall survey was conducted, dietary diversity score (DDS 10 and DDS) and food variety score (FVS) were computed according to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Weight and height of children were measured and sex and age standardized body mass index was used to define obesity. Multivariable regression models were preformed to explore the determinants of dietary diversity in school age left behind children.@*Results@#The proportion of left behind children was 40.9%. The mean value and standard deviation of three kinds of dietary diversity score (DDS 10 , DDS, FVS) in left behind children were (5.69±1.31)(6.55±1.44) and (13.48± 4.23 ), respectively. All of these were lower than that in non left behind children (DDS 10 :5.99±1.29; DDS:6.79±1.40; FVS:14.15±4.22). Significant difference in DDS 10 between left behind and non left behind children was observed ( P =0.01). The results of multivariable regression demonstrated that gender, passive smoking, family education level and family economic status were related to dietary diversity scores ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Dietary diversity in school age left behind children was not optimistic and gender, passive smoking, parental education level, family economic status and left behind situation play a critical role in dietary diversity among these children.

Utilization of oral health services for school-age children in Xiangfang District of Harbin / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the oral health service demands and utilization among school-age children in Xiangfang district of Harbin, and to explore the related influencing factors.@*Methods@#A total of 7 944 children aged 6-11 were investigated for oral health status through questionnaire survey in Xiangfang District, Harbin. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, nonparametric test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the oral health service demands and utilization of school-age children.@*Results@#The rate of caries, unfilled caries, malocclusion and traumatic dental injuries were 89.7%, 60.7%, 59.3% and 12.5%, respectively. In the past 12 months, 53.8% of children had toothache. The rate of seeking medical treatment in stomatology department was 31.6%, with the primary reason being treatment (47.6%), while the rate of preventive dental treatment was 15.6%. Multivariate analysis showed that girls, father s education being high school or technical secondary school, father s education higher or equal to junior college, poor oral health evaluation, high score on oral knowledge and oral attitude, brushing teeth once a day, brushing teeth twice a day or more, having attended oral health courses, having toothache experience, having dental trauma experience, suffering from dental caries were more likely to visit the oral clinics (OR=1.11，1.17，1.50，0.80，1.07，1.21，1.60，2.27，1.28，1.49，1.54，1.67, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#In Xiangfang District of Harbin, there is a large demand for oral health services for school-age children, however, both of the utilization rate and the preventive medical treatment rate is low. Many factors affect the utilization of oral health services for children. It is suggested that targeted measures should be taken to improve the utilization level of school-age children s health resources.

Characteristics and relationship between self-efficacy and physical activity of college students during COVID-19 epidemic / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the characteristics and relationship between physical activity and self-efficacy of college students during the COVID-19 epidemic, so as to provide evidence for the orderly development of physical education and curriculum reform of college students after their return to school.@*Methods@#A total of 6 227 college students were collected from 8 districts of China by using convenient sampling method and snowball sampling method, and the physical activity and self-efficacy of all participants were assessed used by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-S) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES).@*Results@#In the terms of general self-efficacy, the score of male students was significantly higher than that of female students, the score of freshman was significantly higher than that of other grades(t/F=7.32, 5.56, P<0.01). In terms of physical activity, the middle and high level physical activity of girls was significantly higher than that of boys, but the proportion of boys meeting the recommended amount was higher(P<0.01). Low level physical activity was the highest in junior college students(31.75%), medium level physical activity was the highest in freshmen (46.75%) and sophomore student (48.13%), and high level physical activity was the highest senior college students (30.40%). The moderate level of physical activity was the highest in all BMI groups, while the lean group had the lowest level of low level physical activity (15.70%) and the highest level of high level physical activity(37.31%), and the lowest proportion meeting the recommended amount(P<0.05). Self-efficacy had a positive predictive effect on physical activity(OR=1.04, 95%CI=1.03-1.05).@*Conclusion@#During the COVID-19 epidemic, there are significant differences in general self-efficacy and physical activity among college students by gender, grade and BMI. The general self-efficacy has a positive impact on physical activity, suggesting that college physical education should pay attention to students- self-efficacy, while considering individual and group differences, and promote physical activity level through self-efficacy improvement.

Lung Protective Mechanism of Compound Kushen Injection on Radiation-induced Pulmonary Injury / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To observe the effect of compound Kushen injection on the expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein 3 (Smad3), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin mice models with radiation-induced pulmonary injury (RIPI), in order to explore its possible mechanism of action. Method::On XStrahl precision radiation research platform for small animals (SARRP), a single 20 Gy bilateral lung field irradiation was performed to establish a mice model of RIPI. Thirty-two mice were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, compound Kushen injection group and dexamethasone injection group. The normal control group and the model group were given an equal volume of 0.9%sodium chloride solution and injected intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. The pathology of lung tissue tissues was observed by using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Immunohistochemical(IHC) was used to detect the expressions of E-cadheren and Vimentin proteins in mice lung tissues.Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, Smad3, GSK-3β and β-cateninin.Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of TGF-β1, Smad3, GSK-3β and β-cateninin. Result::Compared with the normal group, the pulmonary coefficient of the model group was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Inflammatory cell infiltration, pulmonary interstitial edema, congestion, destruction of alveolar structure and partial alveolar atrophy were observed in the lung tissues of the model group. Compared with the model group, in the compound Kushen injection group, the levels of infiltration of lung inflammatory cells and pulmonary interstitial lesions in mice, the expression of Vimentin in lung tissues (P<0.01), and the expressions of TGF-β1, Smad3, GSK-3β and β-cateninin were significantly decreased (P<0.01), whereas the expression of E-cadheren was significantly increased (P<0.01). However, compared with the dexamethasone injection group, in the compound Kushen injection group, the pathological changes of lung tissues were similar, and the expression levels of E-cadheren, Vimentin, TGF-β1, Smad3, GSK-3β and β-cateninin were not significantly different. Conclusion::Compound Kushen injection can alleviate pulmonary fibrosis of lung in the treatment of RIPI, and the mechanism may be associated with inhibiting the mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1, Smad3, GSK-3β and β-catenin related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT), promoting the expression of E-cadheren, and inhibiting the expression of Vimentin, so as to inhibit the occurrence of EMT.

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression in serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and skin lesions of patients with atopic dermatitis and its correlation with disease severity / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor, which is critically involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of skin diseases. The aim of this study was to detect AhR and its downstream regulators including cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1), AhR nuclear translocation (ARNT), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR) in serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and skin lesions in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD).@*METHODS@#Twenty-nine AD patients defined according to the criteria of Hanifin and Rajka and Chinese criteria of AD were included. Subjects without allergic and chronic diseases were recruited as controls. Patients and controls were selected from the dermatology outpatient clinic of Peking University People's Hospital from August 1 to December 31 in 2018. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect serum AhR level. The mRNA of AhR, AhRR, ARNT, and CYP1A1 in PBMCs were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. AhR expression in skin lesions was measured by immunohistochemistry.@*RESULTS@#AhR was significantly higher expressed in serum (41.26 ± 4.52 vs. 33.73 ± 2.49 pmol/L, t = 6.507, P < 0.001) and skin lesions (0.191 ± 0.041 vs. 0.087 ± 0.017, t = 10.036, P < 0.001) of AD patients compared with those of controls. The mRNA levels of AhR (1.572 ± 0.392 vs. 1.000 ± 0.173, t = 6.819, P < 0.001), AhRR (2.402 ± 1.716 vs. 1.000 ± 0.788, t = 3.722, P < 0.001), CYP1A1 (2.258 ± 1.598 vs. 1.000 ± 0.796, t = 3.400, P = 0.002) in PBMCs of AD patients were higher compared with those of controls. The difference in mRNA levels of ARNT was not statistically significant between the patients and controls (1.383 ± 0.842 vs. 1.000 ± 0.586, t = 1.653, P = 0.105). AhR mRNA levels in PBMCs positively correlated with eczema area and severity index score and serum interleukin-6 levels.@*CONCLUSION@#AhR and its downstream regulators were highly expressed in serum, PBMCs, and skin of AD patients, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.

Association between family adversity exposed to different period and psychopathological symptoms among adolescents in rural areas / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the cumulative and sensitive period effects of family adversity on the outcome of psychopathological symptoms,so as to provide evidence for the prevention and intervention of adverse events.@*Methods@#A total of 710 adolescents were recruited from local schools in rural area of Fuyang,Anhui Province in Dec. 2017 by using the convenience sampling method. The Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire was used to assess family adversity. The MacArthur Health & Behavior Questionnaire was used to assess internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the association between number and time of family adversity and psychopathological symptoms.@*Results@#Persistent family adversity was associated with increased internalizing symptoms [(β(95%CI)=0.35(0.15-0.54)] and increased externalizing symptoms [β(95%CI)=0.16(0.01-0.32)]. 2 and ≥3 family adversities were associated with increased internalizing symptoms[β(95%CI)=0.20(0.04-0.36),0.42(0.24-0.60)]and increased externalizing symptoms[β(95%CI)=0.14(0.01-0.26),0.23(0.09-0.37)]. In childhood family adversity group,2 and ≥3 family adversities were associated with increased internalizing symptoms [β(95%CI)=0.23(0.06-0.41),0.34(0.11-0.58)] and increased externalizing symptoms [β(95%CI)=0.17(0.02-0.31),0.21(0.02-0.39)]. In persistent family adversity group,≥3 family adversities were associated with increased internalizing symptoms[β(95%CI)=0.56(0.31-0.82)] and increased externalizing symptoms [β(95%CI)=0.24(0.02-0.45)]. Adolescence family adversity was not associated with psychopathological symptoms.@*Conclusion@#The cumulative family adversity may increase the risk of psychopathological symptoms,and that childhood may be the sensitive period for family adversity to cause psychopathological symptoms.

Challenges and countermeasures of thoracic surgery in the epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak has occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and the epidemic situation has continued to spread. Such cases have also been found in other parts of the country. The spread of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic has brought great challenges to the clinical practice of thoracic surgery. Outpatient clinics need to strengthen the differential diagnosis of ground glass opacity and pulmonary plaque shadows. During the epidemic, surgical indications are strictly controlled, and selective surgery is postponed. Patients planning to undergo a limited period of surgery should be quarantined for 2 weeks and have a nucleic acid test when necessary before surgery. For patients who are planning to undergo emergency surgery, nucleic acid testing should be carried out before surgery, and three-level protection should be performed during surgery. Patients who are planning to undergo emergency surgery in the epidemic area should be confirmed with or without novel coronavirus pneumonia before operation, and perform nucleic acid test if necessary. Surgical disinfection and isolation measures should be strictly carried out. Among postoperative patients, cases with new coronavirus infection were actively investigated. For the rescue of patients with novel coronavirus infection, attention needs to be paid to prevention and treatment and related complications, including mechanical ventilation-related pneumothorax or mediastinal emphysema, and injury after tracheal intubation.

Pubertal timing and tempo and its prospective associations with behavioral problems / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#The study aims to examine the prospective association and sex differences of pubertal timing and tempo with behavior problems.@*Methods@#Participants from two primary schools in grade 1-3 were selected through clustering convenience sampling method in Bengbu, Anhui Province was established since 2013 (T1), with informed consent, 2 084 students were recruited, and follow-up surveys were conducted in 2015 (T2), 2017 (T3) and 2019 (T4) respectively. Demographic information, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt and externalizing symptoms were collected through questionnaire investigation, and pubertal development in boys and girls were evaluated by secondary sexual development (testicular volume for boys and breast development for girls). At T4, externalizing symptoms were evaluated by MacArthur Health & Behavior Questionnaire-Child (HBQ-C). Using SAS PROC NLMIXED to fit nonlinear growth model to estimate pubertal timimg and tempo. Puberty timing was classified into early, on-time, and delayed groups; and the puberty tempo into fast, average, and slow groups. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the predictive effects of modeling pubertal timing and tempo on multi-disciplinary behavior problems in adolescence boys and girls.@*Results@#There were 1 909 people with complete baseline and follow-up questionnaires and puberty development information. Reported rates of externalizing symptoms, NSSI, suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt and were 13.9% (265), 24.4% (466), 14.2% (271), 4.6% (88) and 2.3% (43) respectively. Logistic regression analysis results show that fast pubertal tempo increases the risk of externalization [OR(95%CI)=2.85(1.53-5.31) and NSSI [OR(95%CI)=2.11(1.22-3.65)] for boys, and the risk of suicide attempt [OR(95%CI)=2.99(1.07-8.35)] for girls. Slow tempo can reduce the risk of suicidal ideation and suicide plan for boys [OR(95%CI)=0.40(0.18-0.87), 0.07(0.01-0.67)], the externalizing symptoms and suicidal ideation for girls [OR(95%CI)=0.33(0.13-0.81)，0.38(0.17-0.85)]. Early pubertal timing will increase the risk of suicide plan for boys [OR(95%CI)=3.60(1.04-12.43)], meanwhile late timing can reduce the risk of NSSI in girls [OR(95%CI)=0.39(0.19-0.80)].@*Conclusion@#The tempo of pubertal development may be a useful predictor of adolescent behavioral problems.

Dexmedetomidine preconditioning protects against lung injury in hemorrhagic shock rats / Pré-condicionamento com dexmedetomidina protege contra lesão pulmonar em ratos com choque hemorrágico

Abstract Background and objectives: Dexmedetomidine has demonstrated protective effects against lung injury in vitro. Here, we investigated whether dexmedetomidine preconditioning protected against lung injury in hemorrhagic shock rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): control group, hemorrhagic shock group, 5 ug.kg-1 dexmedetomidine (DEX1) group, and 10 ug.kg-1 dexmedetomidine (DEX2) group. Saline or dexmedetomidine were administered over 20 min. 30 min after injection, hemorrhage was initiated in the hemorrhagic shock, DEX1 and DEX2 group. Four hours after resuscitation, protein and cellular content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the lung histopathology were measured. The malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 were also tested in the lung tissue. Results: Compare with hemorrhagic shock group, 5 ug.kg-1 dexmedetomidine pretreatment reduced the apoptosis (2.25 ± 0.24 vs. 4.12 ± 0.42%, p < 0.05), histological score (1.06 ± 0.12 vs. 1.68 ± 0.15, p < 0.05) and protein (1.92 ± 0.38 vs. 3.95 ± 0.42 mg.mL-1, p < 0.05) and WBC (0.42 ± 0.11 vs. 0.92 ± 0.13 × 109/L, p < 0.05) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Which is correlated with increased superoxide dismutase activity (8.35 ± 0.68 vs. 4.73 ± 0.44 U.mg-1 protein, p < 0.05) and decreased malondialdehyde (2.18 ± 0.19 vs. 3.28 ± 0.27 nmoL.mg-1 protein, p < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine preconditioning also increased the Bcl-2 level (0.55 ± 0.04 vs. 0.34 ± 0.05, p < 0.05) and decreased the level of Bax (0.46 ± 0.03 vs. 0.68 ± 0.04, p < 0.05), caspase-3 (0.49 ± 0.03 vs. 0.69 ± 0.04, p < 0.05). However, we did not observe any difference between the DEX1 and DEX2 groups for these (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine preconditioning has a protective effect against lung injury caused by hemorrhagic shock in rats. The potential mechanisms involved are the inhibition of cell death and improvement of antioxidation. But did not show a dose-dependent effect.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: Dexmedetomidina demonstrou efeitos protetores contra a lesão pulmonar in vitro. Neste estudo, investigamos se o pré-condicionamento com dexmedetomidina protege contra a lesão pulmonar em ratos com choque hemorrágico. Métodos: Ratos machos, Sprague-Dawley, foram aleatoriamente divididos em quatro grupos (n = 8): grupo controle, grupo com choque hemorrágico, grupo com 5 µg.kg-1 de dexmedetomidina (DEX1) e grupo com 10 µg.kg-1 de dexmedetomidina (DEX2). Solução salina ou dexmedetomidina foi administrada durante 20 minutos. Trinta minutos após a injeção, a hemorragia foi iniciada nos grupos choque hemorrágico, DEX1 e DEX2. Quatro horas após a ressuscitação, a proteína e o conteúdo celular no lavado broncoalveolar e a histopatologia pulmonar foram medidos. Malondialdeído, superóxido dismutase, Bcl-2, Bax e caspase-3 também foram testados no tecido pulmonar. Resultados: Na comparação com o grupo choque hemorrágico, o pré-tratamento com 5 ug.kg-1 de dexmedetomidina reduziu a apoptose (2,25 ± 0,24 vs. 4,12 ± 0,42%, p < 0,05), escore histológico (1,06 ± 0,12 vs. 1,68 ± 0,15, p < 0,05) e proteína (1,92 ± 0,38 vs. 3,95 ± 0,42 mg.mL-1, p < 0,05) e leucócitos (0,42 ± 0,11 vs. 0,92 ± 0,13 × 109/L, p < 0,05) no lavado broncoalveolar; o que está correlacionado com o aumento da atividade da superóxido dismutase (8,35 ± 0,68 vs. 4,73 ± 0,44 U.mg-1 de proteína, p < 0,05) e diminuição do malondialdeído (2,18 ± 0,19 vs. 3,28 ± 0,27 nmoL.mg-1 de proteína, p < 0,05). O pré-condicionamento com dexmedetomidina também aumentou o nível de Bcl-2 (0,55 ± 0,04 vs. 0,34 ± 0,05, p < 0,05) e diminuiu o nível de Bax (0,46 ± 0,03 vs. 0,68 ± 0,04, p < 0,05), caspase-3 (0,49 ± 0,03 vs. 0,69 ± 0,04, p < 0,05). No entanto, não houve diferença entre os grupos DEX1 e DEX2 para essas proteínas (p > 0,05). Conclusão: O pré-condicionamento com dexmedetomidina tem um efeito protetor contra a lesão pulmonar causada por choque hemorrágico em ratos. Os potenciais mecanismos envolvidos são a inibição da morte celular e a melhora da antioxidação. Porém, não mostrou um efeito dose-dependente.

Prospective association between adverse childhood experiences and pubertal development / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the impact of adverse childhood experiences on pubertal development,and to provide a reference for conducting the targeted intervention in the early stage.@*Methods@#A cluster sampling method was used to randomly select students of grades 3 to 4 from three primary schools in Ma’anshan municipality of Anhui province in October 2017. Self-reported childhood adverse experiences (ACEs), including physical, emotional and sexual abuse, as well as physical and emotional neglect were collected. Testicular volume and breast Tanner stage were assessed. A follow-up survey was conducted one year later to assess ACEs and pubertal development. ACEs of each dimension were divided into non-exposure group, transient exposure group and sustained exposure group according to ACEs exposure at baseline and follow-up. Multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between ACEs exposure and pubertal development after 1-year follow-up.@*Results@#Sustained emotional abuse was positively associated with increased breast Tanner stage and testicular volume (breast: β=0.36, 95%CI=0.09-0.63, P<0.01; testicular volume: β=1.07, 95%CI=0.47-1.66, P<0.01); sustained physical abuse was positively associated with decreased testicular volume (β=-0.83, 95%CI=-1.58--0.08, P<0.05); sustained and transient sexual abuse were significant positively associated with decreased breast Tanner stages (sustained: β=-1.43, 95%CI=-2.86--0.02, P<0.05; transient: β=-0.45, 95%CI=-0.73--0.19, P<0.05); sustained emotional neglect was positively associated with increased breast Tanner staging (β=0.33, 95%CI=0.06-0.61, P<0.05) and decreased testicular volume (β=-0.19, 95%CI=-1.38--0.19, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Sustained emotional abuse was associated with early pubertal development in boys and girls,and the specitic mechanisam differences of different ACES puberty development effects and the gender differences of the same ACES puberty development effects need to be furthur explored.